Heat pump technology, which enables both cooling and heating, is considered an ideal alternative for EVs not only in terms of meeting environmental regulations, but also in overall efficiency. However, conventional refrigerants such as R-134a lack sufficient heating capacity due to their inherent properties, even when applied in a heat pump system.

Due to the characteristics of CO₂ refrigerant, the CO₂ cycle can easily secure high thermal capacity above 80°C. In addition, its high-pressure operation enhances heat transfer performance on the refrigerant side, enabling lightweight system design through thinner heat exchangers and piping.

Even in conventional internal combustion engine (IC) vehicles, CO₂ offers improved fuel economy through its high efficiency and lightweight design.

CO₂, as an eco-friendly refrigerant, is well suited for HVAC system configurations in low fuel consumption vehicles.